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<text id=91TT2146>
<title>
Sep. 30, 1991: The Flood of Soviet Jews Drying Up?
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Sep. 30, 1991 Curing Infertility
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
NATION, Page 25
Is the Flood of Soviet Jews Drying Up?
</hdr><body>
<p> Anatoli Nemov speaks with all the soul of a Russian artist
when he talks about emigrating to Israel. "I will always feel
drawn there," says the 37-year-old Moscow actor, "but I couldn't
climb with all my soul into that life. My language is Russian. My
culture is Russian. I am a person of art. I cannot create art
in such conditions. Our creativity doesn't exist there."
</p>
<p> So, unlike his relatives and friends, Nemov will remain
behind. He is one of a growing number of Jews who are choosing
not to join the 310,000 of their brethren who have moved to
Israel since Mikhail Gorbachev relaxed the restrictions on
emigration in 1989. They know that at home the winter promises
only hardship and that the rise of nationalist groups could
revive harsh anti-Semitism. But they also see around them the
signs of renewal for Soviet Jewry--the gradual reopening of
Jewish schools and cultural centers, the increasing attendance
at synagogues--and a new push for democracy in the aftermath
of last month's failed coup. "I am a member of the Russian
intelligentsia," says Nemov, "and my place is here."
</p>
<p> Tens of thousands of Soviet Jews have canceled or
postponed their departure. Of the 300,000 expected to emigrate
this year, only 112,000 have already done so. One reason is
Saddam Hussein's missile war against Israel during the Persian
Gulf conflict. But beyond that, these Soviet Jews heard from
friends and relatives in Israel of the desperate housing and job
shortages, the families doubled up in hotel rooms and
mobile-home camps. Soviet engineers, doctors and musicians find
themselves working as janitors, construction workers and
gas-station attendants in Israel; roughly 40% are unemployed,
compared with 11% of the country's total work force.
</p>
<p> Israeli officials insist that the slowdown is temporary
and that they still expect an additional 1 million Soviet Jews
to resettle in Israel between now and 1996. For a country of
4.8 million to plan to absorb such numbers represents a massive
commitment to economic and social expansion. The roughly $9,000
that the government grants to Soviet families in the first year
cannot sustain them for long, and without private and foreign
investment there will be too few jobs for them to fill. SATEC, a
Jerusalem-based high-tech firm founded to capitalize on the
contributions of Soviet immigrants, employs 45 people and
receives 1,200 resumes a year. "We're able to choose the best
people because so many apply," says spokeswoman Sami Oberlander.
"Many of those who work for us have family still looking for
jobs, or who want to come to Israel but are waiting until the
job situation improves."
</p>
<p> Those Soviets who seek to retrieve their Jewish heritage,
or who view Israel as the Holy Land where destiny draws them,
will come regardless of what hardship awaits. But others, in
search only of a better life, may find little to choose between
the Soviet Union and Israel. Their dream most often lies in
America. But the United States will admit only 50,000 Soviets
this year, which still leaves many of the country's Jews
wondering where on earth to go.
</p>
<p> By Nancy Gibbs. Reported by Ann M. Simmons/Moscow and
Robert Slater/Jerusalem
</p>
</body></article>
</text>